Efecto del aislamiento social en autistas y sus cuidadores durante la COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2023.v31.15626Palabras clave:
Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Calidad de vida, ConductaResumen
Objetivo. Analizar el efecto del aislamiento social debido a la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el comportamiento emocional, alimentario y del sueño de niños y adolescentes com TEA. Además, verificar el nivel de carga para los cuidadores y la calidad de vida de los individuos con TEA. Método. Se incluyeron 29 niños y adolescentes con TEA y sus respectivos cuidadores. Los cuidadores respondieron mediante Google Forms a la Childhood Autism Rating Scale para clasificar el TEA, el Cuestionario de Sobrecarga (Burden Interview) para analizar la sobrecarga y el Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida (WHOQOL-BREF) para evaluar la calidad de vida, además de dos cuestionarios elaborados por los autores. Para el análisis de proporciones se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado con el post-test de Bonferroni. Para la correlación, se empleó la prueba t de Student no pareada (p<0,05). Resultados. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de alteraciones en individuos con autismo moderado a severo (con porcentajes superiores al 50%): ansiedad, aumento de movimientos repetitivos, llanto excesivo, irritabilidad y agitación, cambios en el sueño y la alimentación. Hubo una prevalencia de sobrecarga leve a moderada, y la calidad de vida mostró porcentajes del 64,75±13,07% en el grupo de autismo leve a moderado y del 64,03±13,22% en el grupo moderado a severo (p=0,89). Conclusión. Durante el período de aislamiento social, hubo cambios en el comportamiento de niños y adolescentes con TEA, con un impacto más significante en aquellos con autismo moderado a severo. La presencia de sobrecarga en los cuidadores y la afectación en la calidad de vida fueron independientes de la clasificación del TEA.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Karine Alves Ribeiro, Julia Cardoso Rocha, Amanda Caroline Vicente de Moura, Matheus Santos Oliveira, Larissa Araujo da Silva, Maria Helena Santos Tezza, Deborah Cristina Gonçalves Luiz Fernani, Maria Tereza Artero Prado Dantas
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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