Iron oral therapy in patients with Restless Legs Syndrome: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, often accompanied by an uncontrollable urge to move them. In mild cases, lifestyle changes may suffice, but in more severe forms or when associated with underlying health issues, therapeutic interventions are necessary. Oral iron supplementation is a common approach, both for patients with iron deficiency and those without this deficiency. Objectives. This integrative review investigated the efficacy of oral iron therapy in RLS patients, comparing it with other therapeutic approaches or the absence of treatment. Method. The study was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessment scales were also employed for study evaluation. Seven eligible studies, including clinical trials and follow-up studies, analyzing a variety of clinical and laboratory parameters, were identified. Results. The results were mixed, with some studies reporting significant effectiveness of oral iron therapy in improving RLS symptoms and increasing ferritin levels. However, there were reports of adverse effects and low treatment adherence in some cases. Conclusions. In conclusion, oral iron therapy may benefit RLS patients, but its efficacy varies and should be considered in conjunction with other clinical factors. Future research should continue to explore this therapeutic approach and identify patient subgroups that may benefit most from oral iron supplementation.