Variação pós-fenomenológica do realismo instrumental no “problema da representação”

Tecnologia de imagem fMRI e representações visuais do cérebro humano

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34024/prometeica.2022.Especial.13520

Palavras-chave:

problema da representação, imagem científica, realismo instrumental, pós-fenomenologia, fMRI

Resumo

No presente artigo, tomo as descobertas da variação pós-fenomenológica do realismo instrumental para desenvolver uma “estrutura ambiental” a fim de fornecer uma resposta filosófica ao “problema da representação”. A estrutura se concentra em três elementos do ambiente representacional, a saber - tecnologia de criação de imagens, imagem como um dispositivo de representação e estratégias hermenêuticas científicas que ocorrem dentro do processo de interpretação de imagens no laboratório. A ideia central a esse respeito é que as imagens científicas não produzem significados sem seu ambiente instrumental ou, dito de outra forma, uma imagem torna-se representativa pela interação entre três elementos da estrutura. Na segunda parte do artigo, aplico a estrutura aos debates contemporâneos sobre imagens de fMRI. Mostro que as imagens de fMRI recebem seu significado não isoladamente, mas dentro de um ambiente instrumental complexo.

Métricas

Carregando Métricas ...

Referências

Ackermann, R. (1988). Experiment as the motor of scientific progress. Social Epistemology, 2(4), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728808578500

Alač, M. (2013). Handling Digital Brains. In Handling Digital Brains. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/MITPRESS/9780262015684.001.0001

Alač, M. (2014). Digital Scientific Visuals as Fields for Interaction. Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited, 61–88. https://doi.org/10.7551/MITPRESS/9780262525381.003.0004

Amann, K., & Knorr Cetina, K. (1988). The fixation of (visual) evidence. Human Studies 1988 11:2, 11(2), 133–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00177302

Aydin, C. (2018). From Camera Obscura to fMRI: How Brain Imaging Technologies Mediate Free Will. In Postphenomenological Methodologies (pp. 103–121). Lexington books.

Aydin, C., & de Boer, B. (2020). Brain imaging technologies as source for Extrospection: self-formation through critical self-identification. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 19(4), 729–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11097-020-09667-1

Aydin, C., González Woge, M., & Verbeek, P.-P. (2018). Technological Environmentality: Conceptualizing Technology as a Mediating Milieu. Philosophy & Technology 2018 32:2, 32(2), 321–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13347-018-0309-3

Beaulieu, A. (2016). Images Are Not the (Only) Truth: Brain Mapping, Visual Knowledge, and Iconoclasm: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/016224390202700103, 27(1), 53–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/016224390202700103

Briedis, M. (2019). Phenomenological ethnography of radiology: expert performance in enacting diagnostic cognition. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 2019 19:2, 19(2), 373–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11097-019-09612-X

Briedis, M. (2022). Sensing Diagnostic Images: Skilful Embodied Cognition in Oncoradiology. Sensing and Imaging, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/S11220-021-00372-0

Cabeza, R., & Nyberg, L. (2000). Imaging Cognition II: An Empirical Review of 275 PET and fMRI Studies. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(1), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1162/08989290051137585

Carusi, A., & Hoel, A. S. (2014). Brains, windows and coordinate systems. In Visualization in the Age of Computerization (pp. 145–169). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203066973-8/

Carusi, A., Hoel, S., Webmoor, T., & Woolgar, S. (2014). Visualization in the age of computerization. Routledge.

Coeckelbergh, M. (2020). AI Ethics . The MIT Press.

Collins, H. M., & Evans, R. (2002). The third wave of science studies: Studies of expertise and experience. Social Studies of Science, 32(2), 235–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312702032002003

Couchot, E. (2002). Digital hybridisation: A technique, an aesthetic. Convergence, 8(4), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/135485650200800403

de Boer, B. (2021a). Image Interpretation as Object Constitution: Hermeneutic Strategies in Neuroscientific Practice. In J. F. & R. Rosenberger (Ed.), Postphenomenology and Imaging: How to Read Technology. Lexington Books.

de Boer, B. (2021b). Explaining multistability: postphenomenology and affordances of technologies. AI & SOCIETY 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00146-021-01272-3

de Boer, B., te Molder, H., & Verbeek, P. P. (2020). Constituting ‘Visual Attention’: On the Mediating Role of Brain Stimulation and Brain Imaging Technologies in Neuroscientific Practice. Science as Culture, 29(4), 503–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2019.1710739

de Boer, B., te Molder, H., & Verbeek, P. P. (2021). Understanding science-in-the-making by letting scientific instruments speak: From semiotics to postphenomenology. Social Studies of Science, 51(3), 392–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312720981600

De Rijcke, S., & Beaulieu, A. (2014). Networked neuroscience: brain scans and visual knowing at the intersection of atlases and databases 1. In C. Coopmans, M. Lynch, J. Vertesi, & S. Woolgar (Eds.), Representation in Scientific Practice Revisited (pp. 131–152). MIT Press.

Devitt, M. (2005). Scientific realism. In F. Jackson & M. Smith (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy. Oxford University Press. https://philpapers.org/rec/DEVSR

Devitt, M. (2011). Experimental Semantics. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 82(2). https://doi.org/ppr201182222

French, S., & Saatsi, J. (2020). Scientific realism and the quantum. Oxford University Press.

Fried, S. J., & Rosenberger, R. (2021). Postphenomenology and imagining : how to read technology (S. J. Fried & R. Rosenberger (Eds.)). Lexington Books.

Friis, J. K. B. (2008). Interpreting Visual Culture: Explorations in the Hermeneutics of the Visual. AI & SOCIETY. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00146-020-01056-1

Friis, J. K. B. O. (2008). Enactive hermeneutics and smart medical technologies. AI and Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00146-020-00944-W

Friis, J. K. B. O. (2017). Gestalt descriptions embodiments and medical image interpretation. AI and Society, 32(2), 209–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00146-015-0615-6

Fumerton, R. A. (2002). Realism and the correspondence theory of truth. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Goodwin, C. (1994). Professional Vision. American Anthropologist, 96(3), 606–633. https://doi.org/10.1525/AA.1994.96.3.02A00100

Goodwin, C. (1995). Seeing in Depth. Social Studies of Science, 25(2), 237–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631295025002002

Goyal, B., Dogra, A., Agrawal, S., & Sohi, B. S. (2018). Noise issues prevailing in various types of medical images. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 11(3), 1227–1237. https://doi.org/10.13005/BPJ/1484

Hacking, I. (1983). Representing and Intervening: Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. In Representing and Intervening. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814563

Hasse, C. (2008). Postphenomenology: Learning cultural perception in science. Human Studies, 31(1), 43–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-007-9075-4

Heelan, P. A. (1989). Space-perception and the philosophy of science. University of California Press.

Hoeppe, G. (2014). Working data together: The accountability and reflexivity of digital astronomical practice. Social Studies of Science, 44(2), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312713509705

Hoeppe, G. (2015). Representing Representation. Science Technology and Human Values, 40(6), 1077–1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243915594025

Hongladarom, S. (2012). Don Ihde: Heidegger’s Technologies: Postphenomenological Perspectives. Minds and Machines 2012 23:2, 23(2), 269–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11023-012-9296-9

Iconoclash: Beyond the Image Wars in Science, Religion, and Art. (2003). In B. Latour & W. N. Arnold (Eds.), Leonardo (Issue 4). MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON.2003.36.4.329

Ihde, D. (1998). Expanding hermeneutics: Visualism in science. Northwestern University Press.

Ihde, Don. (1978). Technics and Praxis (Vol. 24). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9900-8

Ihde, Don. (1991). Instrumental realism : the interface between philosophy of science and philosophy of technology. Indiana University Press.

Ihde, Don. (2009). From da Vinci to CAD and beyond. Synthese, 168(3), 453–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11229-008-9445-0

Ihde, Don. (2019). Medical Technics. In Medical Technics. University of Minnesota Press. https://doi.org/10.5749/j.ctvpmw56v

Ihde, Don, & Selinger, E. (2006). Chasing Technoscience: Matrix for Materiality. Human Studies, 29(3), 399–403.

Joyce, K. (2016). Appealing Images: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Production of Authoritative Knowledge. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0306312705050180, 35(3), 437–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312705050180

Joyce, K. A. (2006). From Numbers to Pictures: The Development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Visual Turn in Medicine. Science as Culture, 15(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080=09505430600639322

Knorr-Cetina, K. (Karin). (1999). Epistemic cultures : how the sciences make knowledge. Harvard University Press.

Kuchinskaya, O. (2013). Twice invisible: Formal representations of radiation danger. Social Studies of Science, 43(1), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712465356

Kudina, O. (2021). “Alexa, who am I?”: Voice Assistants and Hermeneutic Lemniscate as the Technologically Mediated Sense-Making. Human Studies, 44(2), 233–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10746-021-09572-9/FIGURES/3

Kudina, O., & de Boer, B. (2021). Co-designing diagnosis: Towards a responsible integration of Machine Learning decision-support systems in medical diagnostics. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 27(3), 529–536. https://doi.org/10.1111/JEP.13535

Latour, B., & Woolgar, S. (1986). Laboratory life : the social construction of scientific facts. Sage Publications.

Liberati, N. (2016). Technology, Phenomenology and the Everyday World: A Phenomenological Analysis on How Technologies Mould Our World. Human Studies, 39(2), 189–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-015-9353-5

Liberati, N. (2019). Emotions and Digital Technologies. The Effects Digital Technologies Will Have on our Way of Feeling Emotions According to Post-Phenomenology and Mediation Theory. Mente Journal of Philosophical Studies, 36(36), 292–309.

Liberati, N., & Nagataki, S. (2015). The AR glasses’ “non-neutrality”: their knock-on effects on the subject and on the giveness of the object. Ethics and Information Technology, 17(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-015-9370-0

Lynch, M. (1985). Art and artifact in laboratory science. Routledge.

Lynch, Michael. (1985a). Art and artifact in laboratory science : a study of shop work and shop talk in a research laboratory. Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Lynch, Michael. (1985b). Discipline and the Material Form of Images: An Analysis of Scientific Visibility. Social Studies of Science, 15(1), 37–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/030631285015001002

Lynch, Michael, & Ridder-Vignone, K. de. (2014). Making the strange familiar: Nanotechnology images and their imagined futures. In Visualization in the Age of Computerization (pp. 97–117). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203066973-6/

Lynch, Michael, & Woolgar, S. (1988). Introduction: Sociological orientations to representational practice in science. Human Studies 1988 11:2, 11(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00177300

Mitchell, W. J. (1992). The reconfigured eye : visual truth in the post-photographic era. The MIT Press.

Mykhailov, D. (2020). The Phenomenological Roots of Technological Intentionality: A Postphenomenological Perspective. Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 15(4), 612–635. https://doi.org/10.3868/s030-009-020-0035-6

Mykhailov, D. (2021). A moral analysis of intelligent decision-support systems in diagnostics through the lens of Luciano Floridi’s information ethics. Human Affairs, 31(2), 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2021-0013

Mykhailov, D., & Liberati, N. (2022). A Study of Technological Intentionality in C++ and Generative Adversarial Model: Phenomenological and Postphenomenological Perspectives. Foundations of Science 2022, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10699-022-09833-5

Nørskov, M. (2015). Revisiting Ihde’s Fourfold “Technological Relationships”: Application and Modification. Philosophy and Technology, 28(2), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-014-0149-8

Prasad, A. (2005). Making images/making bodies: Visibilizing and disciplining through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Science, Technology, & Human Values, 30(2), 291–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243904271758

Psillos, S. (2017). The Realist Turn in the Philosophy of Science. In The Routledge Handbook of Scientific Realism (pp. 20–34). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203712498-3

Roman, F., & Nguyen, J. (2021). “Scientific Representation.” In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=scientific-representation

Rosenberger, R. (2005). Bridging philosophy of technology and neurobiological research: Interpreting images from the “slam freezer.” Bulletin of Science, Technology, and Society, 25(6), 469–474. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467605278878

Rosenberger, R. (2008). Perceiving other planets: Bodily experience, interpretation, and the mars orbiter camera. Human Studies, 31(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10746-007-9078-1/FIGURES/2

Rosenberger, R. (2009). A Case Study in the Applied Philosophy of Imaging: The Synaptic Vesicle Debate: Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.1177/0162243909337117, 36(1), 6–32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243909337117

Rosenberger, R. (2017). On the hermeneutics of everyday things: or, the philosophy of fire hydrants. AI and Society, 32(2), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-016-0674-3

Rosenberger, R. (2020). A Preliminary inventory of the transformations of Scientific Imaging. Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2020.2.02

Saatsi, J. (Ed.). (2018). The Routledge handbook of scientific realism. Routledge .

Sturken, M., & Cartwright, L. (2017). Practices of looking : an introduction to visual culture. Oxford University Press.

Tibbetts, P. (1988). Representation and the realist-constructivist controversy. Human Studies, 11(2–3), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00177301

van Fraassen, B. (1980). The Scientific Image. CLARENDON PRESS.

van Fraassen, B. C. (2008). Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective. In Scientific Representation: Paradoxes of Perspective. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199278220.001.0001

Verbeek, P.-P. (2003). Material hermeneutics. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, 6(3), 181–184.

Verbeek, P. (2011). Moralizing technology: Understanding and designing the morality of things. University of Chicago Press.

Verbeek, P. P. (2008). Obstetric ultrasound and the technological mediation of morality: A postphenomenological analysis. Human Studies, 31(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-007-9079-0

Wellner, G. (2020). The multiplicity of multistabilities: Turning multistability into a multistable Concept (pp. 105–122). Springer.

Wellner, Galit. (2020). Material hermeneutic of digital technologies in the age of AI. AI and Society, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00952-w

Whyte, K. (2015). What is multistability? A theory of the keystone concept of postphenomenological research (pp. 69–81). Lexington Books.

Yan, X., Yu, Q., Gao, Y., Li, L., Yu, D., Chen, Y., Yao, X., Yang, W., Chen, Z., Yin, J., An, Y., & Tan, K. (2017). Cognition in patients with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: A study with long-term VEEG and RS-fMRI. Epilepsy & Behavior, 76, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.YEBEH.2017.06.033

Zwart, H. (2022). Philosophy of Technoscience: From Cis-Continental to Trans-Continental. Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 38, 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84570-4_8

Downloads

Publicado

2022-08-11

Edição

n. Especial (2022): Prometeica - nº Especial

Seção

Artigos

Licença

Copyright (c) 2022 Prometeica - Revista de Filosofia e Ciências

Creative Commons License

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Direitos Autorais: Prometeica permite que o (s) autor (es) mantenha seus direitos autorais sem restrições. Prometeica permite que o (s) autor (es) conservem seus direitos de publicação sem restrições. Os autores devem garantir que o artigo é um trabalho original sem fabricação, fraude ou plágio; não infringe nenhum direito autoral ou direito de propriedade de terceiros. Os autores também devem garantir que cada um atendeu aos requisitos de autoria conforme recomendação do ICMJE e entendem que, se o artigo ou parte dele for falho ou fraudulento, cada autor compartilha a responsabilidade.

Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Prometeica - Revista de Filosofía e Ciências é regida pela licença CC-By-NC

Você tem o direito de:

  • Adaptar — remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material

 

O licenciante não pode revogar estes direitos desde que você respeite os termos da licença.

 

De acordo com os termos seguintes:

  • Atribuição — Você deve dar o crédito apropriado, prover um link para a licença e indicar se mudanças foram feitas. Você deve fazê-lo em qualquer circunstância razoável, mas de maneira alguma que sugira ao licenciante a apoiar você ou o seu uso.

  • Não Comercial — Você não pode usar o material para fins comerciais.

 

Sem restrições adicionais — Você não pode aplicar termos jurídicos ou medidas de caráter tecnológico que restrinjam legalmente outros de fazerem algo que a licença permita.

 

Manutenção de direitos

Prometeica permite que o (s) autor (es) mantenha seus direitos autorais sem restrições.

Prometeica permite que o (s) autor (es) conservem seus direitos de publicação sem restrições.

 

Como Citar

Mykhailov, D. (2022). Variação pós-fenomenológica do realismo instrumental no “problema da representação”: Tecnologia de imagem fMRI e representações visuais do cérebro humano. Prometeica - Revista De Filosofia E Ciências, Especial, 64-78. https://doi.org/10.34024/prometeica.2022.Especial.13520
Recebido 2022-02-22
Aprovado 2022-07-08
Publicado 2022-08-11