Disfunções olfativas e complicações neurológicas em pacientes com COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2024.v32.15140Palavras-chave:
COVID-19, Anosmia, Olfato, Manifestações NeurológicasResumo
Introdução. Casos de pneumonia de etiologia desconhecida, mas com características semelhantes a um quadro viral, foram identificados na China no final de 2019. Pesquisadores constataram o coronavírus da síndrome respiratória aguda grave 2 como o causador dessa infecção, a qual foi denominada COVID-19. A COVID-19 pode estar associada à injúria cerebral. Dois mecanismos de chegada do vírus até o cérebro: via hematogênica e disseminação neuronal retrógrada, esta envolve o sistema olfatório. Os distúrbios olfativos podem indicar injúria cerebral e associação com complicações neurológicas. Objetivos. Analisar a associação entre disfunções olfativas e complicações neurológicas na COVID-19. Método. Estudo retrospectivo observacional. Resultados. Foram avaliados 989 prontuários. Comorbidades mais prevalentes: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (47,3%), diabetes mellitus (25,2%) e dislipidemia (24,2%). Sintomas mais prevalentes: cefaleia (22,3%), astenia (15,5%), anosmia (8,3%), ageusia (5,0%). Presença de AVC prévio foi preditor de morte, 52% desses pacientes evoluíram para óbito. Cefaleia, anosmia e/ou ageusia foram preditoras de quadro mais leve, visto que 14%, 10,2% e 10,2% evoluíram para óbito, respectivamente. Rebaixamento do nível de consciência (RNC), confusão mental e AVC durante o internamento foram preditores de óbito, visto que, respectivamente, 54,5%, 70% e 60% dos pacientes evoluíram para óbito. Conclusão. Presença de AVC prévio, RNC, confusão mental e Acidente Vascular Cerebral durante o internamento foram preditores de óbito. Anosmia, ageusia e cefaleia foram relacionadas a desfechos favoráveis.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Isabella Cristina Mendes Rossa, Rebecca Benicio Stocco, Marcos Roberto Curcio Pereira, Maria Fernanda Braga Vilacio Pinto, Mariana de Oliveira Trintinalha, Carlos Alexandre Twardowschy
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aceito: 2023-12-21
Publicado: 2024-01-12
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