Raymond Williams and the paradox of exile in 1984
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Abstract
This paper is an analytical study of Williams’ writings and Orwell’s novel, considering that both harbour the theme of exile and self-exile. The employed method is text explanation. First, the
paper discusses the constitution of 1984’s main character, Winston. Then, the last chapter of Raymond Williams’ Culture and Society is
analysed. This chapter is devoted to George Orwell and his literary work, including 1984. Therein, Williams recognises in the English writer the “paradox of exile” which is the point this paper intends to discuss. To this end, Orwell’s novel and Williams’ chapter are reread, this time accompanied by another of William’s texts, the chapter “Individuals and Societies” from the book The Long Revolution. In this chapter, exile and self-exile are conceptualized and discussed. The paper concludes that the three observed characters –Orwell, Williams, and Winston (the protagonist of 1984) – are constituted as figures who lived, in different ways, exile and self-exile.
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