Fatores associados à disfagia em pacientes com AVC: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2021.v29.11940Palavras-chave:
Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Transtorno de Deglutição, Fonoaudiologia, DeglutiçãoResumo
Introdução. Alteração no processo de deglutição, designada disfagia, está relacionada ao desenvolvimento de complicações pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC), tais como desnutrição, desidratação e problemas pulmonares. Objetivo. Verificar os fatores associados à gravidade da disfagia de pacientes com AVC. Método. A busca de artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs, Pubmed, Scopus, Bireme e Web Of Science. Não houve restrição de localização e idioma, entre 2015 a 2020. Para a seleção dos estudos foi utilizada a combinação baseada no Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH). Foram incluídos na pesquisa 3 estudos que obtiveram ≥6 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa. Resultados. Os artigos inclusos constataram correlação entre a pontuação do NIHSS e o grau de disfagia, sendo o AVC leve associado à deglutição normal e disfagia leve; enquanto o AVC grave à disfagia grave. Todos os pacientes com pontuação NIHSS≥16 apresentaram algum grau de disfagia orofaríngea e todos os pacientes em risco de aspiração tiveram AVC no território da artéria cerebral média. Lesões combinadas do opérculo frontal e córtex insular resultaram no risco prolongado de aspiração. A disfagia e a aspiração em pacientes pós AVC foi relacionada à disfunção da fase oral. Conclusão: Há evidências de que a integridade funcional dos músculos orais e cervicais representa um fator agravante para os quadros de disfagia após AVC, a aspiração é um aspecto associado a disfagia após o AVC. Contudo, não houve correlação entre a localização hemisférica da lesão do AVC e disfagia.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Beatriz Vitorio Ymai Rosendo, Laura Faustino Gonçalves, Cláudia Tiemi Mituuti, Patricia Haas
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aceito: 2021-11-12
Publicado: 2021-12-14
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