Hiperfagia e Doença de Alzheimer
Resumo
Introdução. O fenômeno do envelhecimento populacional tem sido observado em todo o mundo. Neste contexto, está inserida a doença de Alzheimer, que é uma desordem neurodegenerativa progressiva caracterizada por um progressivo declínio da função congnitiva. Comportamentos neuropsicológicos e não congnitivos ocorrem com frequência em pacientes idosos com a doença de Alzheimer. Dentre esses comportamentos, várias formas de distúrbios alimentares, incluindo a hiperfagia vem sendo reportado nos estudos. Portanto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão sobre os possíveis mecanismos responsáveis por essa mudança comportamental. Método. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, através de pesquisas bibliográficas na literatura, utilizando as bases eletrônicas no Lilacs® e Medline® via Pubmed® para buscar artigos de revistas e jornais científicos indexados, na língua inglesa, que fossem referentes ao assunto. Para tal finalidade, utilizaram-se as palavras da língua inglesa: “Alzheimer´s disease”, “Hyperphagia”, “Behavioral disturbance”, “Dementia”. Conclusão. Nessa revisão, podemos verificar que mudanças no comportamento alimentar são comuns em pacientes com Alzheimer, mas que o mecanismo exato para tal modificação ainda não está claro.
Métricas
Referências
Luzardo AR, Gorini MIPC, Silva APSS. Características de idosos com doença de alzheimer e seus cuidadores: uma série de casos em um serviço de neurogeriatria. Texto Contexto Enferm, Florianópolis 2006;15(4):587-94.
Vermelho LL, Monteiro MFG. Transição demográfica e epidemiológica. In: Medronho RA, Bloch KV, Luiz RR, Werneck GL. Epidemiologia 2002;91-103.
Pasinetti GM, Wang J, Porter S, Ho L. Caloric intake, dietary lifestyle, macronutrient compotition, and Alzheimer´s disease dementia. Int J of Alzheimers Dis 2011; 12p.
Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer´s disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol Rev 2001;81(2):741-66.
Gilley DW, Bienas JL, Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Beck TL, Evans DA. Influence of behavioral symptoms on rates of institutionalization for persons with Alzheimer´s disease. Psychol Med 2004;34:1129-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703001831
Hope T, Keene J, Gedling K, Fairburn CG, Jacoby R. Predictors of institutionalization for people with demencia living at home with care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998;13:682-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10991166(1998100)13:10<682::AID--GPS847>3.0.CO;2-Y
Hope T, Keene J, Fairburn CG, Jacoby R, McShane R. Natural history of behavioral changes and psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer´s disease. A longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry 1999;174:39-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.1.39
Mega MS, Cummings JL, Fiorello T, Gornbein J. The spectrum of behavioural changes in Alzheimer´s disease. Neurology 1996;46;130-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.46.1.130
Kenne J, Hope T. Natural history of hyperphagia and other eating changes in demencia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998;13:700-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1166(1998100)13:10<700::AID--GPS855>3.0.CO;2-D
Morris CH, Hope RA, Fairburn CG. Eating habits in demencia. A descriptive study. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 154:8016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.6.801
Hwang JP, Yang CH, Tsai SJ, Liu KM. Behavioural disturbances in psychiatric inpatients with demencia of the Alzheimer´s type in Taiwan. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997;12:902-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)10991166(199709)12:9<902::AID--GPS660>3.0.CO;2-Q
Smith G, Virgen V, Evans J, Fleming K, Bohac D. Patterns and associates of hyperphagia in patients with demencia. Neuropsychiatry Neuropyschol Behav Neurol 1998;11:97-102.
Hope RA, Allman P. Hyperphagia in dementia: fluvoxamine takes the biscuit. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;8:741-46.
Burns A, Jacoy R, Levy R. Psychiatric phemonema in Alzheimer´s disease. IV: Disorders of Behaviour. Br J Psychiatry 1990;157:86-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.1.86
Teri L, Boroson S, Kiyak A, Yamagishi M. Behavioural disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and functional skill. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989;37:109-16.
Keene JM, Hope T. Hyperphagia in Dementia: 1. The use of an objetive and reliable method for measuring hyperphagia in people with demencia. Appetite 1997;28:151-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1996.0061
Ikeda M, Brown J, Holland AJ, Fukuhara R, Hodges JR. Changes in appetite, food preference, and eating habits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer´s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:371-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.4.371
Keene JM, Hope T. Hyperphagia in Dementia: 2. Food choices and their macronutrient contentes in hyperphagia, demencia and ageing. Appetite 1997;28:167-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.1996.0068
Mungas D, Cooper JK, Weiler PG, Gietzen D, Franzi C, Bernick C. Dietary preference for sweet foods in patients with dementia. J American Geriatr Soc 1990;38:999-1997.
Bhagavati, S. Marked hyperphagia associated with total loss of saciety in Alzheimer´s disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008;20:2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20.2.248
Hardy J, Adolfsson R, Alafuzoff I, Marcusson J, Nyberg P, Perdahl E, et al. Transmitter deficits in Alzheimer´s disease. Neurochem Int 1985;7:545-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(85)90050-6
Leibowitz SF, Shor-Posner G. Brain serotonin and eating behavior. Appetite 1986;7:1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(86)80049-6
Blundell JE. Serotonin and appetite. Neuropharmacology 1984;23:1537-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/00283908(84)90098-4
Walsh BT, Kissileff HR, Hadigan CM. Eating behaviour in bulimia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1989;575:446-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb53265.x
Cooper JK, Mungas D. Serotonin response in sweet-food craving Alzheimer´s disease subjects. Aging 1992; 4:165-69.
Bailer UF, Price JC, Meltzer CC, Mathis CA, Frank GK, Weissfeld L, et al. Altered 5-HT2A receptor binding after recovery from bulimia-type anorexia nervosa: relationships to harm avoidance and drive for thinness. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;29:1143-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300430
Bailer UF, Frank GK, Henry SE, Price JC, Meltzer CC, Weissfeld L, et al. Altered brain serotonin 5-HT1A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography and [carbonyl 11C] WAY- 100635. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62:1032-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.1032
Kaye WH, Frank GK, Meltzer CC, Price JC, McConaha CW, Crossan PJ, et al. Altered serotonin 2A receptor activity in women who have recoveredfrom bulimia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:1152-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1152
Perry RJ, Miller BL. Behavior and treatment in frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2001;56(11-4):46-51.
Bowen DM, Procter AW, Mann DM, Snowden JS, Esiri MM, Neary D, et al. Imbalance of a serotoninergic system in frontotemporal dementia: implication for pharmacotherapy. Psychopharmacology 2008;196:603-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-007-0992-8
Chen CP, Alder JT, Bowen DM, Esiri MM, McDonald B, Hope T, et al. Presynaptic serotoninergic markers in community-acquired cases of Alzheimer´s disease: correlations with depression and neuroleptic medication.
J Neurochem 1996;66:1592-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66041592.x
Zubenko GS, Moossy J, Kopp U. Neurochemical correlates of major depression in primary dementia. Arch Neurol 1990;47:209-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1990.00530020117023
Tsang SW, Keene J, Hope T, Spence I, Francis PT, Peter T, et al. A seritoninergic basis for hyperphagic eating changes in Alzheimer´s disease. J Neurol Sci 2010; 288: 151-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2009.08.066
Ritter S, Dinh T, Friedman M. Induction of FOS like immunoreactivity (FOS-li) and stimulation of fedding by 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM) require the vagus nerve. Brain Res 1994;646:53-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/00068993(94)90057-4
Grill H, Smith G. Cholecytokinin decreases sucralose intake in chronic decerebrate rats. Am J Physiol 1988; 254:853-56.
Zarrow C, Lyness SA, Mortimer JA, Chui HC. Loss is greater in the locus ceruleus than nucleus basalis and substancia nigra in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. Arch Neurol 2003;60:337-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.3.337
Kohjima M, Yuxiang S, Chan L. Increase food intake leads to obesity and insulin resistence in the Tg2576 Alzheimer´s Disease Mouse Model. Endocrinology 2010;151:1532-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1196
Copyright (c) 2013 Marcela Rodrigues Moreira Guimarães, Lucia Marques Alves Vianna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
