Revisão Sistemática sobre Tratamento Medicamentoso para Dor no Membro Fantasma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2014.v22.8091Palavras-chave:
Amputação, Fármacos, Revisão SistemáticaResumo
Objetivo. Realizar revisão sistemática da literatura sobre as possíveis condutas farmacológicas utilizadas para tratamento da dor do membro fantasma. Método. A estratégia de busca foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas Cochrane, Pubmed e Lilacs através da consulta de descritores específicos. A busca consistiu de artigos apresentados na íntegra, escritos em inglês ou espanhol, adultos humanos de ambos os sexos, publicados no período de 1990 a 2012. Resultados. Após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 20 artigos. Através da análise, verificou-se que existem possibilidades terapêuticas positivas a curto prazo a serem utilizadas, dentre elas destacam-se os opióides, gabapentina e a quetamina. A morfina (oral e intravenosa) foi eficaz na diminuição da intensidade da dor a curto-prazo. Com exceção da memantina, os antagonistas do receptor NMDA, morfina e a quetamina apresentaram efeitos analgésicos. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos com a gabapentina em termos de alívio da dor não foram significativos. O direcionamento da eficácia da calcitonina e dextrometorfano necessitam maiores esclarecimentos. Conclusão. A morfina e a quetamina demonstraram ser eficazes como analgésicos de curta duração. Maiores estudos tornam-se necessários para esclarecer os reais benefícios da amitriptilina, o cloridrato de tramadol, memantina e a toxina botulínica. Intervenções em pesquisas com maior número de participantes são importantes, a fim de estabelecer recomendações na prática terapêutica.
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Publicado: 2014-06-30
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