Incidence of spina bifida in Santa Catarina (2013-2022): ecological study

Abstract

Introduction. Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital anomalies affecting the central nervous system in early embryonic weeks, with spina bifida being a common manifestation, presenting neurological, orthopedic, and urological symptoms. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to these anomalies. Improved prenatal diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach from gestation are crucial to minimizing complications. Method. This ecological study analyzed spina bifida cases in all children born in Santa Catarina between 2013 and 2022, using DataSUS data. Information about the population and statistical tools studied was provided. Results. In Santa Catarina, there were 223 spina bifida cases (23.13 per 100,000 inhabitants). The most affected cities were Joinville, Florianópolis, and São José. Incidence was higher among males, with the highest prevalence in pregnant women aged 25 to 29. Most newborns had high Apgar scores and weights between 3000–3999 grams. Blumenau recorded 41 deaths, the highest number. No significant gender differences were found. The decline in spina bifida cases may be linked to folic acid fortification. The predominance of males and the white demographic, along with incidence among younger pregnant women, highlight sociodemographic and healthcare access issues. High Apgar scores underscore the importance of early evaluation, while mortality rates emphasize the need for continuous monitoring to reduce morbidity and mortality. Conclusions. The study reiterates the importance of health policies and clinical practices to reduce spina bifida incidence and improve the quality of life of affected patients.