A eletroestimulação em pessoas com lesão medular melhora a locomoção? Revisão Sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2025.v33.20131Palavras-chave:
Reabilitação, Lesão da Medula Espinhal, Estimulação Elétrica, Marcha, Pessoa com Deficiência FísicaResumo
Introdução. A Lesão da Medula Espinhal (LME) resulta na interrupção da comunicação nervosa das vias sensoriais e/ou motoras que conectam a medula com a periferia do corpo comprometendo a locomoção. A estimulação elétrica funcional (EEF) realizada nos membros inferiores apresenta potencial para promover melhorias na locomoção em pessoas com LME. Objetivos. Identificar se a utilização da EEF em pessoas com LME melhora aspectos relacionados à locomoção, bem como os parâmetros utilizados. Método. Esta revisão sistemática seguiu o protocolo PRISMA e foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PEDro, Scielo e Science Direct através de descritores em inglês. A qualidade metodológica foi avaliada pela Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). Foram obtidos 280 artigos, publicados entre 1980 e 2023, porém após triagem, apenas 11 foram incluídos. Resultados. Há muita heterogeneidade entre as amostras e número de participantes, o que limita o uso de análises mais robustas, sendo assim, os resultados sugerem que todos os estudos apresentaram melhora em aspectos clínicos de avaliação, sendo apenas uma melhora estatisticamente significativa em seis deles, de modo que em um não houve superioridade para os desfechos quanto ao uso do FES. Os instrumentos mais utilizados nas análises compreenderam a velocidade da marcha e o teste de caminhada de 10 m. Quanto aos parâmetros da EEF, variaram de 20 a 50Hz de frequência e de 200 a 500μs de largura de pulso. Conclusão. A EEF pode contribuir para a melhora da VM em indivíduos com LME, especialmente quando associada ao treino locomotor com suporte de peso.
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Referências
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Copyright (c) 2025 Renan Maués dos Santos, Beatriz Brito Gomes, Bruna Castro Malato, Brenno Ribeiro Braz, Hugo Miranda de Souza Coroa, Anselmo de Athayde Costa e Silva, Suellen Alessandra Soares de Moraes
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Aprovado 2025-04-30
Publicado 2025-05-20
