Empatia, ansiedade e depressão como preditores do Burnout no curso médico: revisão de escopo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2025.v33.19847Palavras-chave:
Burnout, Empatia, Ansiedade, Depressão, Estudantes de MedicinaResumo
Introdução. Fatores como empatia, ansiedade e depressão têm sido identificados como preditores importantes do Burnout, com a literatura sugerindo que a empatia está geralmente associada a menores níveis da síndrome, enquanto a ansiedade e a depressão estão fortemente correlacionadas. Objetivo. Compreender como esses fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento do Burnout em estudantes de medicina. Método. Esta revisão de escopo foi estruturada a partir da metodologia PRISMA-ScR. Para a elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa foi utilizada a estratégia PCC. Foram incluídos artigos que relacionavam Burnout com empatia, ansiedade e depressão ao longo da formação médica. Foram triados 1.420 artigos. A estratégia de busca foi aplicada nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS e Scielo, resultando em 10 artigos elegíveis. Resultados. A empatia cognitiva foi associada a menores níveis de Burnout, enquanto a empatia afetiva, especialmente em mulheres, aumentou a exaustão emocional e sintomas depressivos. A ansiedade foi identificada como um gatilho do Burnout, e a depressão apresentou forte correlação com o esgotamento emocional e ideação suicida. Conclusão. Constata-se que altos níveis de ansiedade e depressão aumentam a vulnerabilidade ao Burnout, enquanto a empatia tem impacto ambivalente: a empatia cognitiva protege, enquanto a empatia emocional pode agravar o esgotamento.
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Referências
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Copyright (c) 2025 Amanda Falcão Bernardes, Geovana Cleice Pires Saraiva, Giovanna Silva Ribeiro, Isabella Maria de Oliveira Evangelista, Raiane Soares Santos, Mylena Etelvina de Macedo Alves, Arine Maria Víveros de Castro Lyra, Lillian Christyne de Oliveira Arruda, Hugo Rafael de Souza e Silva
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