Alterações epigenéticas e declínio cognitivo no envelhecimento: revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2025.v33.19832Palavras-chave:
Envelhecimento, Declínio cognitivo, Epigenética, Doença de Alzheimer, Doença de ParkinsonResumo
Objetivo. Investigar, por meio de uma revisão integrativa, quais alterações epigenéticas estão associadas ao declínio cognitivo relacionado ao envelhecimento. Método. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed e LILACS, com descritores aging, epigenetic e cognition em conjunto com o operador AND. Foram incluídos artigos originais com humanos ou animais, publicados nos últimos 10 anos em inglês, português e espanhol. A análise dos artigos envolveu a análise de títulos e resumos para determinar relevância, seguida pela leitura integral para coleta do tipo de estudo, tipo de modificação genética e a alteração cognitiva observada. Resultados. Nos resultados deste estudo, foram analisados 20 artigos científicos que investigam as influências epigenéticas na cognição, com ênfase nas alterações de acetilação e metilação do DNA. A avaliação indicou que a acetilação está fortemente associada à melhoria da cognição, favorecendo a expressão gênica e otimizando os processos neurais envolvidos na memória e no aprendizado. Por outro lado, a metilação foi amplamente vinculada ao declínio cognitivo, frequentemente relacionada à inibição de genes cruciais para a preservação das funções cerebrais e ao avanço de doenças neurodegenerativas. Conclusão. Conclui-se que as alterações epigenéticas desempenham um papel essencial na regulação dos processos cognitivos, apresentando impactos variados conforme o tipo de modificação. Esses resultados destacam a relevância de estratégias terapêuticas direcionadas à modulação da acetilação e da metilação, apontando seu potencial como abordagem para prevenir ou reduzir o declínio cognitivo, particularmente em situações relacionadas ao envelhecimento ou a doenças neurodegenerativas.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Thaís Florêncio Bezerra Leite, Carolina Melo de Souza
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