Hulk Syndrome: from fiction to real world. Systematic review about IED
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2025.v33.19769Keywords:
Intermittent Explosive Disorder, aggressive behavior, impulsive aggression, neurobiologyAbstract
Introduction. Impulsive aggression remains an underexplored topic, which may contribute to the underdiagnosis and stigmatization of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED, also referred to as “Hulk Syndrome”). Objective. This study aims to describe and discuss, based on evidence from scientific literature, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the impulsive-aggressive behavior characteristic of IED. Method. This is a systematic review of the literature, of a bibliographic nature, involving the collection and analysis of the evidence available in the scientific literature. Results. Studies highlight a relationship between chronic stress, anatomofunctional brain changes, alterations in synaptic plasticity, and potential modifications in peripheral gene expression in individuals with IED. Conclusion. The evidence suggests that IED results from a complex interplay of multidimensional factors, requiring extensive investigation to elucidate this currently underexplored nosological entity.
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Accepted 2025-04-23
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