Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orofacial functions and sleep behaviors

Abstract

Introduction. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, adhering to social distancing and isolation measures has been crucial in curbing the spread of the virus. Studies have highlighted the correlation between psychosocial changes and an uptick in psychological disorders, as well as detrimental oral habits. These habits, if persistent, can impair essential functions such as speech, chewing, and breathing. Furthermore, social isolation and psychosocial shifts have also had an impact on sleep patterns. Objective. To compare findings related to breathing, temporomandibular dysfunction, chewing, and sleep before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This is an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative study. It involved 224 participants aged between 18 and 50 who voluntarily completed an online questionnaire. Statistical analysis utilized the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, with a significance level set at 5%. Results. The study analysed the effects of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on various health aspects, encompassing sleep quality, breathing, chewing, and temporomandibular dysfunction. The findings revealed significant alterations in sleep patterns, a heightened preference for liquid and soft foods, shifts in breathing patterns, and an increase in parafunctional habits. However, no significant difference was observed regarding pain in the temporomandibular joint. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is evident that the pandemic has instigated lifestyle changes, alterations in habits, and shifts in social interactions, all of which have impacted diverse facets of population health. Breathing, temporomandibular dysfunction, chewing, and sleep have all experienced distinct effects. These insights hold significance for future health research and professional practice, particularly within the field of speech therapy.