Hearing loss and functional disability in the elderly: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction. Hearing loss (HL) is a chronic condition that can be caused by genetics, environmental factors, or the natural aging process. In elderly people, HL can lead to cognitive, social, and physical limitations, intensifying social isolation, affecting overall health, increasing the risk of falls, and causing functional decline that makes them vulnerable and dependent, decreasing their well-being and quality of life. Objective. To verify the association between hearing loss and the reduction of functional capacity in elderly people. Method. Searches for scientific articles took place in the electronic databases MEDLINE (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and BIREME, without restriction of language, location or period of publication. The search strategy used was the combination of descriptor and Boolean operator: (hearing loss) and (cognitive disability) and (sensory disability) and (elderly). Results. Five studies were admitted, which sought to understand HL and disability in elderly people. The studies highlighted that HL in the elderly significantly influences physical and cognitive capacity. Furthermore, they emphasized the importance of comprehensive care in elderly health, treating HL as a key element in this process. Conclusion. HL directly impacts the lives of the elderly, impairing cognitive and physical functions, compromising autonomy and the ability to perform daily activities. Furthermore, it contributes to social isolation, due to the reduction of social networks and the increased risk of isolation, affecting the mental and emotional health of the elderly.