Camuflagem social e diagnóstico tardio de autismo em mulheres: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2024.v32.16553Palavras-chave:
Diagnóstico Tardio, Estereotipagem de Gênero, Mulheres, Transtorno do Espectro AutistaResumo
Introdução. O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por comportamentos repetitivos e déficits na comunicação e na interação social. Apesar de o diagnóstico ocorrer, comumente, aos 4 a 5 anos de idade, por meio sobretudo de questionários, apenas 1/5 das mulheres têm seu diagnóstico anterior aos 11 anos, fato que, somado à menor proporção de mulheres com o transtorno suscita a busca pelo porquê dessa discrepância, cuja resposta pode permear o predomínio do fenômeno da camuflagem nesse grupo. Objetivo. essa revisão objetiva discutir a influência da camuflagem social da mulher sobre o diagnóstico tardio do quadro de transtorno do espectro autista. Método. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados BVS e PUBMED, resultando em 36 artigos selecionados após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e de exclusão definidos. Resultados. A camuflagem se pauta no mascaramento de determinadas características, sendo mais praticada por portadores de TEA, implicando consequências severas aos praticantes, como exaustão e ansiedade. O fenômeno teve suas características básicas associadas ao fenótipo feminino do autismo já em 1992 para explicar o fenótipo e o subdiagnóstico nesse grupo. Trata-se de uma prática mais realizada por mulheres autistas, conforme estudos, devido, dentre outros fatores, às maiores demandas sociais impostas diante da estereotipagem de gênero inerente. Conclusão. Assim, além do fenótipo autista feminino ser diferente do masculino, a camuflagem ameniza esse, dificultando a identificação do transtorno tanto por especialistas, quanto pelas ferramentas de diagnóstico e por aqueles que convivem com o indivíduo.
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Referências
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Copyright (c) 2024 Érica Otoni Pereira Miranda, Lisandra Maria Maria Pereira Fontes Chagas
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Aprovado 2024-09-03
Publicado 2024-09-23
