Manifestações neurológicas da COVID-19: uma investigação sobre o papel do neurotropismo viral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2024.v32.16384Palavras-chave:
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Sistema Nervoso, Manifestações Neurológicas, NeurotrópicoResumo
Introdução. A pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou uma crise sanitária com mais de 700 milhões de infectados e 7 milhões de óbitos. Hoje, compreende-se que os impactos da pandemia ultrapassam o sistema respiratório, abrangendo uma diversidade de manifestações clínicas sistêmicas, incluindo o sistema nervoso. Objetivo. Realizar uma revisão científica de literatura com o intuito de elucidar a capacidade de infecção neurológica do SARS-CoV-2 bem como avaliar as manifestações neurológicas provocadas pela COVID-19. Método. Revisão de literatura de caráter integrativo com estudos publicados entre 2020 e 2023 obtidos nas plataformas Pubmed e Elsevier. Foram empregados os seguintes descritores: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, sistema nervoso, manifestações neurológicas e neurotropismo. Resultados. As principais manifestações obtidas, foram no sistema nervoso central: cefaleia, encefalopatia, encefalite e acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Sistema nervoso periférico: anosmia, ageusia, disgeusia, síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) e hiposmia. Destaca-se também sintomas neuropsicológicos que foram desenvolvidos após infecção: irritabilidade, ansiedade, distúrbios do sono, instabilidade emocional, baixo ânimo, perda de memória e depressão, bem como sintomas de confusão, vertigem, zumbido no ouvido e queda de cabelo. Além dos persistentes mesmo após cura da infecção: anosmia/ageusia, cefaleia, mialgia, encefalopatia, encefalite, AVC, SGB, paralisia de nervos cranianos, ataxia cerebelar aguda e mioclonia. Conclusão. A pesquisa das manifestações neurológicas torna-se crucial para o entendimento da complexidade das interações do vírus e o sistema nervoso, assim como a contínua investigação do neurotropismo viral, que transcende a COVID-19 e nos leva um futuro mais informado e preparado para enfrentar desafios emergentes de saúde pública.
Métricas
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Copyright (c) 2024 Sabrina Maria Fernandes Praseres Ericeira, Rayrane Jesus de Mesquita Santos, Luis Artur Ferreira de Sousa; Hivylla Lorrana dos Santos Ferreira; Luis Felipe Lima Lobato
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Aprovado 2024-06-06
Publicado 2024-07-01
