Relação entre a gonadectomia e o déficit cognitivo em Canis lupus familiaris
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2022.v30.13962Palavras-chave:
cães, castração, Cognição, Déficit cognitivo, gonadectomiaResumo
Introdução. A esterilização de cães é um dos tratamentos mais realizados na rotina cirúrgica da medicina veterinária, recebendo indicação em casos que envolvam controle populacional, distúrbios comportamentais e doenças no sistema reprodutor. Apesar de muitas vezes ser necessária, a retirada das gônadas ocasiona alterações endócrinas que reduzem significantemente os níveis hormonais. A ciência já sabe que níveis séricos baixos de testosterona reduz a proteção que a mesma exerce sobre o sistema nervoso central, e que a queda de estrogênio compromete os índices de neurotransmissores, crescimento neuronal, formação de sinapses, ação antioxidante e regulação da homeostase do cálcio. Objetivo. Identificar, através de revisão de literatura, a possível correlação entre o desenvolvimento de déficit cognitivo e a castração de cães. Método. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura nas bases de dados Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scientific Electronic Libray Online e Portal Periódicos CAPES, com seleção de artigos, livros, dissertações e teses entre janeiro de 1990 a janeiro de 2019 por meio de palavras-chaves, tais quais gonadectomia, déficit cognitivo em cães, hormônios sexuais etc. Foram utilizados 55 trabalhos para elaboração da base científica, sendo considerado todos os idiomas e os que não fugissem ao tema central da pesquisa. Resultados. Mediante a leitura, observamos que quando se fala em cognição animal os hormônios sexuais têm papel real e fundamental para o funcionamento do cérebro canino. Conclusão. Portanto, constata-se que a metodologia atual de esterilização canina poderá trazer sequelas significativas aos cães, sendo recomendado a utilização de outros métodos contraceptivos que preservem a produção hormonal.
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