Encefalite antirreceptor NMDA: a arte de montar quebra-cabeças
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2020.v28.10787Palavras-chave:
Encefalite antirrecptor de N-metil-D-aspartato, encefalite, doenças autoimunes do sistema nervoso, autoimunidade, teratomaResumo
Introdução. Encefalite autoimune (EAI) corresponde a um grupo de patologias em que há produção de anticorpos contra autoantígenos neuronais, estima-se uma incidência de 20% de todas as encefalites no norte da Europa. Encefalite por anticorpos antirreceptor NMDA é a causa mais comum de EAI, classicamente afeta mulheres jovens com uma apresentação aguda ou subaguda de sintomas psiquiátricos, epilepsia, déficit cognitivo, rebaixamento do nível de consciência e disfunção autonômica. Objetivo. Esta revisão busca difundir o entendimento da encefalite antirrecptor NMDA além do público de neuroimunologistas. Método. Foi realizada uma revisão na base de dados eletrônica MEDLINE (acessada via Pubmed), EMBASE e cochrane. A busca se deu entre os meses de abril a junho de 2020, usando os descritores em saúde de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): encefalite, encefalite antirrecptor de N-metil-D-aspartato. Resultados. Foram obtidos 869 artigos completos em inglês ou português. Os artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão pela sua qualidade, originalidade e relevância para o assunto. Conclusão. Com uma apresentação clínica variável, esta patologia assemelha-se a um quebra-cabeça, permanecendo como um desafio diagnóstico, que facilmente pode ser conduzido como patologia psiquiátrica estrita, mesmo por profissionais experientes.
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Aceito: 2020-11-10
Publicado: 2020-12-02
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