Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas/Doença de Willis-Ekbom e infecção pelo HIV:

revisão da epidemiologia e fisiopatologia

Abstract

Introduction. Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a common neurological disorder that can profoundly disrupt sleep and quality of life. The prevalence of RLS is between 5-15%. The pathophysiology involves dopamine and iron regulating and possibly inflammatory mechanisms. The prevalence of RLS appear to be increased in patients with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), and once the disease causes significant impact on patients' quality of sleep, it is necessary to further studies involving this association. Objective. To review the literature regarding the association RLS/HIV. Method. We conducted a literature review, through electronic databases PubMed, SCIELO and PERIODIC CAPES using the key words: "HIV", "Restless leg syndrome" and "Sleep disturbance." Results. A vast amount of articles were found, however only five specifically studied the association. We used a total of 25 review articles for its development. Conclusion. The prevalence of RLS/HIV varies between 8% and 33%. Among the associated mechanisms, we can mention the immune CNS involvement, presence of cytokines and polymorphisms and reduced dopamine levels. The RLS/WED research in these patients should be performed whenever the patient complain of sleep difficulties.