A Arqueologia da etnia e da raça no mundo romano

O caso do judeu negro Moisés

Autori

  • Márcio Teixeira-Bastos .
  • Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari Universidade Estadual de Campinas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34024/herodoto.2025.v10.22731

Parole chiave:

Arqueologia, Estudos Clássicos e Raça, Dura Europos, Embranquecimento cultural

Abstract

Neste artigo, examinamos as construções e interpretações arqueológicas sobre etnia e raça no mundo romano, com foco especial na representação de Moisés no Oriente Médio, especialmente, na Síria. Argumentamos que a etnicidade é um fenômeno dinâmico e instrumental, expresso por meio da materialidade e das práticas sociais. Nosso trabalho destaca como as representações de Moisés na sinagoga de Dura Europos (244-245 EC) retratam claramente um homem de pele escura, contrariando a apropriação posterior que o branqueou na arte greco-romana. Demonstramos que o processo de embranquecimento foi intencional, propagando uma falsa noção estética ao longo de séculos. Exploramos também como os conceitos de raça e de negritude foram distorcidos para legitimar o racismo, em particular por meio da apropriação do mito de Ham. Concluímos que a arqueologia fornece evidências cruciais para compreender a diversidade étnica e racial na antiguidade, desafiando narrativas hegemônicas que apagaram a presença e importância de povos marginalizados (especialmente negros e judeus) no mundo antigo.

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Biografie autore

  • Márcio Teixeira-Bastos, .

    .

  • Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari, Universidade Estadual de Campinas

    Professor Titular (História Unicamp 2004), Livre-Docente (História Unicamp 1996), Doutor (Arqueologia USP 1990), Mestre (Antropologia Social USP 1985), Bacharel (História USP 1981), Técnico (Publicidade 1976). Distinguished Lecturer University of Stanford, Research Associate,Illinois State University, Universidad de Barcelona, Université Laval, líder de grupo de pesquisa CNPq, assessor científico da FAPESP, orientador em Stanford e Binghamton, colaborador da UFPR, UFPel, docente da UNESP (1986-1992) e professor de pós das Universidades do Algarve (Portugal), Nacional de Catamarca, del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, UFRJ, UERJ. Supervisionou pessoas de diversas nacionalidades, orientações sexuais, afrodescentes, indígenas, mulheres (>50), de minorias étnicas e religiosas, + de 120 orientações de graduação, 19 pós-doutoramentos, 43 doutoramentos, 48 mestrados, 2 esp., hoje destacados pesquisadores, líderes em instituições de prestígio (London School of Economics, Durham University, Université de Tours, Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla, Colômbia), UNICAMP, USP, UNESP, UFRJ, UFF, UFMG, UFPR, UFRJ, UnB, MASJ, UEL, UFPel, UCS, UEMG, UEM, UMESP, Uniplac, PUCPR, FESB, UNIFAP, UFS, UNIP, Unifesp, C. U. Claretiano, UFG, UFBA, UNIFAL, UFMA, UFPA, UFOP, UEG, UFPE, UFMS, UFCG, UnB, Museu da Bacia do Paraná, UFAL, Udesc, Museo Nacional de Colombia, Un. da Força Aérea, Un. Liège, Mackenzie, Univille, U. Texas. Na Unicamp, Coordenador do Núcleo de Estudos Estratégicos (2007/09) e do Nepam (2014/16), representante do IFCH na CADI (2005-2009) e dos titulares no DH (2015/6), Assessor do Gabinete do Reitor e Coordenador do Centro de Estudos Avançados da Unicamp (2009-2013), apresentador do programa da RTV Unicamp ''Diálogo sem fronteira'' (2011/6), >240 entrevistas, com centenas de milhares de visualizações. Participa do conselho editorial de mais de 60 revistas científicas pelo mundo. Publicou e organizou 584 livros, reedições e capítulos nos Estados Unidos, Inglaterra, Austrália, Áustria, França, Holanda, Itália, Espanha, Argentina, Colômbia, Brasil, 800 artigos, resenhas e notas em mais de 150 revistas científicas estrangeiras e brasileiras arbitradas, como Current Anthropology, Antiquity, Revue Archéologique, Journal of Social Archaeology, American Antiquity, American Journal of Archaeology, Dialogues d' Histoire Ancienne, Bonner Jahrbücher. Foram publicadas mais de 80 resenhas de seus livros (> 30 delas em revistas estrangeiras). Projetos conjuntos com pesquisadores estrangeiros resultaram na visita de numerosos estudiosos, das principais instituições de pesquisa do mundo (Universidades de Londres, Paris, Saint Andrews, Boston, Southampton, Durham, Illinois, Barcelona, Havana, Buenos Aires, Londres, CNRS). Participou de mais de 600 eventos, organizou 181 reuniões científicas. Foi Secretary, World Archaeological Congress (2002-2003), membro permanente do conselho da Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques e Protohistoriques (UISPP), académico estranjero de la Academia de Historia de Cuba. Líder de Grupo de Pesquisa do CNPq, sediado na Unicamp e vice-líder de dois outros. Editor de coleção de livros com 33 volumes, com apoio acadêmico da FAPESP, CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG e UNICAMP. Co-editor da Coleção Historical Archaeology in South America (University of Alabama). Atua na área de História e Arqueologia, História Antiga e Arqueologia Histórica, Latim, Grego, Cultura Judaica, Cristianismo, Religiosidades, Ambiente e Sociedade, E. Estratégicos, Turismo, Patrimônio, Relações de Gênero, E. Avançados. Google Scholar 12655 citações, índice H = 54 e i10 = 220, FAPESP: 128, academia.edu: 24037 seguidores 1022827 consultas, 14139 public mentions, RG H = 21, 222349 consultas, 1844 citações, Research Interest 1811, 362 recomendações, 2096738 (n USP), ORCID 0000-0003-0183-7622, ppfunari@uol.com.br http://lattes.cnpq.br/4675987454835364, Web of Science ID: B-9867-2012.//pedropauloafunari.academia.edu, n. unicamp 245445 (Fonte: Currículo Lattes)

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Pubblicato

2026-07-26

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V. 10 N. 2 (2025): GTHA - RS

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Copyright (c) 2026 Márcio Teixeira Bastos, Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari

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Come citare

A Arqueologia da etnia e da raça no mundo romano : O caso do judeu negro Moisés. (2026). Heródoto: Revista Do Grupo De Estudos E Pesquisas Sobre a Antiguidade Clássica E Suas Conexões Afro-asiáticas, 10(2), 210-237. https://doi.org/10.34024/herodoto.2025.v10.22731