Os efeitos da prática de atividades motoras sobre a neuroplasticidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2009.v17.8577Palavras-chave:
Plasticidade Neuronal, Atividade Motora, Aprendizagem, Reabilitação, FisioterapiaResumo
A neuroplasticidade dentre suas muitas definições pode ser a capacidade de adaptação do sistema nervoso, especialmente a dos neurônios, às mudanças nas condições do ambiente que ocorrem diariamente na vida dos indivíduos. Esta reorganização neural é um objetivo preliminar da recuperação neural para facilitar a recuperação da função e pode ser influenciada pela experiência, comportamento, prática de tarefas e em resposta a lesões cerebrais. Um consenso na literatura sobre a plasticidade cerebral é que o aprendizado de determinada atividade ou a somente prática da mesma, desde que não seja simples repetição de movimentos, induza mudanças plásticas e dinâmicas no sistema nervoso central (SNC). Isto porque o treinamento motor pode promover neurogênese, sinaptogênese, angiogênese, modulação pré e pós sináptica entre outros, e todos esses podem contribuir para resultados positivos na recuperação em resposta a esse treinamento. Contudo é importante precaução, pois tanto a intensidade e especificidade do tratamento, como o intervalo de tempo entre a lesão e o início da prática de atividades influenciam a recuperação da função nervosa. Portanto esta revisão quer sugerir que a neuroplasticidade parece ser dependente do aprendizado ou do treino de atividades e não simplesmente uso dependente.
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