Urban Amazon and climate change: challenges and opportunities for sustainability

Abstract

This study analyzes the relationship between urbanization and climate change in the Amazon, with a focus on the Pará region, highlighting the main challenges and opportunities for local sustainability. The objective is to review the existing literature on these challenges and opportunities, adopting a decolonial perspective. The research uses a systematic bibliographic review approach, based on a structured methodology, consulting various academic databases and publications from governmental and non-governmental organizations. Priority was given to studies published between 2019 and 2024 that address urbanization in the Amazon and its climatic impacts. The results show that accelerated and disorderly urbanization in the Amazon contributes to significant impacts, such as deforestation, wildfires, environmental degradation, and increased vulnerability of local communities. Furthermore, the research identifies gaps in urban infrastructure and basic services as barriers to sustainable development. On the other hand, it points out opportunities, such as the integration of peri-urban areas into preservation strategies, the use of innovative technologies, and the valorization of traditional practices to mitigate the effects of climate change. The analysis reinforces the need for integrated public policies and civil society engagement to promote sustainable urban development in the Amazon. It is concluded that an interdisciplinary approach, with solutions adapted to regional specificities, is essential to face climate challenges and ensure sustainability in the urban Amazon, especially in the Pará region.