Fundamentos e aplicabilidade clínica da Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana na Reabilitação das Afasia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4181/RNC.2015.23.02.1020.8pPalavras-chave:
Cérebro, AVC, Reabilitação, Estimulação Magnética TranscranianaResumo
A recuperação após um Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é baseada nos mecanismos de plasticidade neuronal e na forma como o sistema nervoso central se reorganiza para compensar a perda das áreas afetadas. Neste contexto específico, as técnicas de neuromodulação, onde se enquadra a Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana (EMT), têm tido avanços promissores e suscitado grande interesse por parte da comunidade científica pelo seu potencial terapêutico, especialmente nas sequelas pós-AVC. A EMT resulta da produção de campos magnéticos modulados, induzindo a produção de correntes eléctricas no córtex cerebral, modificando a excitabilidade intra-cortical e ativando ou inibindo estruturas corticais e subcorticais distantes ao longo de conexões específicas. Neste sentido, a EMT pode promover os mecanismos de neuroplasticidade e está associada à recuperação funcional de pacientes que sofreram AVC´s. Pretende-se, com este artigo, apresentar uma atualização da literatura sobre este tema de forma a evidenciar as diferentes aplicações clínicas desta técnica especificamente na reabilitação de pessoas com afasia após AVC.
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Publicado: 2015-06-30