Prescrição e uso de metilfenidato na atenção infanto-juvenil: uma revisão integrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2021.v29.11314Palavras-chave:
Metilfenidato, Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade, Criança, AdolescenteResumo
Introdução: A prescrição e o consumo de metilfenidato aumentam a cada ano, principalmente entre crianças e adolescentes, para o tratamento do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Objetivo: Discutir a prescrição e o uso de metilfenidato no contexto do cuidado infantil e adolescente, à luz das evidências disponíveis na literatura. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura com levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science e SCOPUS, de artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2019, sobre a ocorrência da prescrição de metilfenidato, sua posologia e finalidade em crianças e adolescentes. Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por 17 artigos. Observou-se que 88% da amostra utilizava metilfenidato para tratamento do transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, 64,7% era do sexo masculino e 58,8% correspondia ao período da infância. A liberação imediata do metilfenidato mostrou-se a mais prescrita (41,2%) e a atomoxetina foi o medicamento mais utilizado para a suspensão do metilfenidato por efeitos colaterais (29,4%). Conclusões: A utilização do metilfenidato no contexto da atenção infanto-juvenil revelou que os usuários apresentaram melhora rápida dos sintomas após a introdução do medicamento e que a sua descontinuação geralmente tem sido associada a efeitos adversos de origem física, emocional e comportamental, os quais tendem a desaparecer com a interrupção do fármaco.
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Aceito: 2021-03-02
Publicado: 2021-03-14