Os efeitos da prática de atividades motoras sobre a neuroplasticidade

Autores

  • Marcella de Pinho Borella Fisioterapeuta, Pós-graduanda da Univesidade Meodista de São Paulo – UMESP, São Bernardo o Campo-SP, Brasil.
  • Tatiana Sacchelli Fisioterapeuta, Mestre, Professora da UMESP, São Bernardo o Campo-SP, Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2009.v17.8577

Palavras-chave:

Plasticidade Neuronal, Atividade Motora, Aprendizagem, Reabilitação, Fisioterapia

Resumo

A neuroplasticidade dentre suas muitas definições pode ser a capacidade de adaptação do sistema nervoso, especialmente a dos neurônios, às mudanças nas condições do ambiente que ocorrem diariamente na vida dos indivíduos. Esta reorganização neural é um objetivo preliminar da recuperação neural para facilitar a recuperação da função e pode ser influenciada pela experiência, comportamento, prática de tarefas e em resposta a lesões cerebrais. Um consenso na literatura sobre a plasticidade cerebral é que o aprendizado de determinada atividade ou a somente prática da mesma, desde que não seja simples repetição de movimentos, induza mudanças plásticas e dinâmicas no sistema nervoso central (SNC). Isto porque o treinamento motor pode promover neurogênese, sinaptogênese, angiogênese, modulação pré e pós sináptica entre outros, e todos esses podem contribuir para resultados positivos na recuperação em resposta a esse treinamento. Contudo é importante precaução, pois tanto a intensidade e especificidade do tratamento, como o intervalo de tempo entre a lesão e o início da prática de atividades influenciam a recuperação da função nervosa. Portanto esta revisão quer sugerir que a neuroplasticidade parece ser dependente do aprendizado ou do treino de atividades e não simplesmente uso dependente.

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Publicado

2009-06-30

Como Citar

Borella, M. de P., & Sacchelli, T. (2009). Os efeitos da prática de atividades motoras sobre a neuroplasticidade. Revista Neurociências, 17(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2009.v17.8577

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Revisão de Literatura
Recebido: 2019-02-08
Publicado: 2009-06-30