Campos elétricos e magnéticos aplicados à regeneração nervosa periférica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4181/RNC.2010.ip04.13pPalavras-chave:
Regeneração Nervosa, Regeneração Tecidual Guiada, Sistema Nervoso, Sistema Nervoso Periférico, Engenharia Biomédica, ReabilitaçãoResumo
Introdução. campos eletromagnéticos (CEM) são utilizados com objetivos reabilitacionais no corpo humano. A lesão no tecido nervoso periférico diferencia-se da lesão no sistema nervoso central por apresentar grande potencial de regeneração axonal. Uma série de efeitos fisiológicos é associada à exposição de CEM, como analgesia, vasodilatação, contração muscular e, principalmente, regeneração de tecidos. Objetivo. apresentar aplicações dos CEM para a viabilidade na reabilitação do tecido nervoso periférico. Método. pesquisa bibliográfica realizada nas bases Springer, ScienceDirect, Pubmed, Google Acadêmico, portal de periódicos da CAPES entre os anos 1972 a 2009, empregando os termos: Magnetic fields; Nerve regeneration; Peripheral nerve; Axonal regeneration; Electrical regeneration; Peripheral nerve regeneration. Resultados. os parâmetros selecionados para os CEM variam amplamente: campos elétricos utilizam duração do pulso (período ativo) de 65 µs a 100 µs, frequência entre 0 a 250 Hz e amplitude entre 0,1 V/m a 4 V/m. Para campos magnéticos, a intensidade varia entre 4,35 µT e 8 T e a frequência entre 0 a 54 GHz. Conclusão. resultados da aplicação de CEM em tecido animal estão relacionados ao alongamento e direcionamento axonal, incremento protéico, alteração genética e redução do tempo total de regeneração. A aplicação de CEM não produz danos físicos, com poucos efeitos colaterais transitórios quando utilizados com magnitudes consideradas seguras
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