Efeitos da maconha não medicinal no neurodesenvolvimento de adolescentes/jovens

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2022.v30.12773

Palavras-chave:

Cannabis sativa, Farmacologia, Jovens, Adolescentes, Neurodesenvolvimento

Resumo

Objetivo. A maconha apresentou estimativa de 13 milhões de casos de dependência em 2010, sendo este quadro fortemente associado ao uso abusivo dessa planta. Diante disso, este estudo busca avaliar os impactos do uso e abuso de maconha em adolescentes e adultos jovens do ponto de vista neuropsiquiátrico, da mortalidade e da afecção de outros sistemas orgânicos. Método. É uma revisão sistemática, baseada no método PRISMA. A seleção da população baseou-se em artigos que abordaram pessoas com faixa etária correspondente à adolescência, jovem e/ou adulta jovem, segundo a definição de adolescência prescrita pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e segundo o Estatuto da Juventude Brasileiro em uso de maconha não medicinal. Sem restrição de sexo, raça, cor ou nível socioeconômico. Resultados. O uso de maconha não medicinal, caracterizado por seu consumo pelo fumo ou vaporização, apresentou uma série de alterações desde neurais a fisiológicas gerais. Foi observado amplo efeito do uso da Cannabis sativa com aparente efeito dose dependente no campo da afecção dos domínios neurocognitivos, aprendizado verbal, memória e atenção, função psicomotora, impulsividade cognitiva e flexibilidade cognitiva. Apesar do efeito ser aparentemente atribuído à maior dosagem de consumo, o uso em pequenas doses também foi associado a efeitos deletérios em alguns pacientes com transtorno psicótico subjacente. Conclusão. uso não medicinal da Cannabis sativa apresenta relação significativa com distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos nas esferas da função motora e perceptual, função executiva, cognição social e aprendizado e memória, transtornos de humor e psicóticos, transtornos da função executiva (inibição social) e distúrbios cardiovasculares.

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2022-05-27

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Fernandes, R. G. B. M., Souza, R. C. A. F. de, Martins, K. G., Oliveira, C. M., Meneses , D. L., & Vilela, L. R. V. (2022). Efeitos da maconha não medicinal no neurodesenvolvimento de adolescentes/jovens. Revista Neurociências, 30, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2022.v30.12773

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Seção

Revisão Sistemática
Recebido: 2021-09-30
Aceito: 2022-04-07
Publicado: 2022-05-27