Progressos recentes em p-tau como um biomarcador de doença de Alzheimer baseado no sangue
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2021.v29.12512Palavras-chave:
Doença de Alzheimer, biomarcadores, sangue, plasma, p-tau, tauResumo
Introdução. A hipótese da cascata amiloide propõe que as placas senis extracelulares - em grande parte compostas por peptídeos beta-amiloide (Aβ) agregados - são responsáveis pelos eventos que levam à morte neuronal que ocorre na doença de Alzheimer (DA). Por outro lado, a proteína tau hiperfosforilada (p-tau) e desestruturada é responsável pelos emaranhados neurofibrilares intracelulares, também comuns na DA. Os critérios de diagnóstico clínico para DA incluem testes dos biomarcadores Aβ e p-tau no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR), além de medidas de neuroimagem, história clínica e testes psicométricos. No entanto, devido à sua natureza invasiva, efeitos colaterais e necessidade de pessoal treinado em ambiente hospitalar para sua coleta, os biomarcadores do LCR não são adequados para triagem em larga escala. Portanto, biomarcadores alternativos baseados no sangue estão sob intensa investigação. Objetivos. Enfocar os avanços recentes em diferentes isoformas de p-tau como biomarcadores para DA baseados no sangue. Método. Revisão realizada por buscas nas bases de dados Medline/PubMed. Resultados. As isoformas 181 e 217 da p-tau representam moléculas acessíveis e escaláveis para triagem e diagnóstico de DA, principalmente devido à sua capacidade de diferenciar pacientes com a doença de participantes cognitivamente saudáveis. Esses resultados devem ser reproduzidos em coortes maiores e mais representativas da diversidade populacional. Conclusões. Essa revisão fornece uma exploração mais abrangente de p-tau sanguínea como um biomarcador molecular específico para DA, o que poderia contribuir não apenas para a triagem de pacientes pré-sintomáticos para ensaios clínicos, mas também para monitorar a progressão da doença e avaliar terapias modificadoras da doença.
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Copyright (c) 2021 Danyelle Sadala, Vyctoria Ramos, Danielle dos Santos Maia Salheb de Oliveira, Maria José da Silva Fernandes, Marcia Regina Cominetti
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publicado: 2021-08-05
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