Exame Neuropsicológico no Diagnóstico Diferencial das Demências Primárias
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https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.1998.v6.10325Palavras-chave:
Demências primárias, diagnóstico, testes neuropsicológicosResumo
As doenças degenerativas primárias abrangem a maioria das causas de demência, com a avaliação neuropsicológica contribuindo com o diagnóstico diferencial e auxiliando na avaliação da gravidade do comprometimento cognitivo. A doença de Alzheimer é a principal causa de demência primária, com comprometimento em testes de avaliação de memória explícita (declarativa, episódica), destacando-se das demais áreas cognitivas. Outras causas de demência, como demência por corpúsculos de Lewy e demências fronto-temporais apresentam maior alteração em testes de função executiva. A avaliação neuropsicológica na doença de Huntington revela um comprometimento precoce na memória explícita (dificuldade no processamento de informações). O exame neuropsicológico nas demais causas de demências não possui particularidades que as diferenciem.
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Referências
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30. Brandt J. Cognitive impairments in Huntington’s disease: insights into the neuropsychology of the striatum. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Vol. 5. C. F. Boller e J. Grafman (eds.). Elsevier Science publisers B.V. Amsterdam. 1991. 11: 241-264.
31. Mayeux R.; Chen J.; Mirabello E.; et al. An estimate of the incidence of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology, 40:1513-1516, 1990.
32. Dubois B.; Boller F.; Pillon B. et al. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Vol 5. Boller F. e Grafman (eds.) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam, 10:195-240, 1991.
33. El Awar M.; Becker J.T.; Hammond K.M.; et al. Learning deficits in Parkinson’s disease: comparative with Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging. Arch Neurol, 44:180-184, 1987.
34. Taylor A.E.; Saint-Cyr J.A.; Lang A.E. Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 109:845-883, 1986. 35. Critchley EMR. Speech disorders of parkinsonism: a review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 44:751-758, 1981.
36. Maher E.R.; Lees A.J. The clinical features and natural history of the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. Neurology, 36:1005-1008, 1986.
37. Civil R.H.; Whitehouse P.J.; Lanska D.J.; et al. Degenerative dementias. In: Dementia. Whitehouse PJ, ed. Contemporary neurology series. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 6:167-214, 1993.
38. Morita K.; Halya H.; Ikeda T.; Namba M. Presenile dementia combined with amyotrophy: A review of 34 Japanese cases. Arc Gerontol Geriatrics, 6:263-277, 1987.
39. Montgomery G.K.; Erickison L.M. Neuropsychological perspectives in amyotrofic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Clin, 5:6181, 1987.
40. Marseille Consensus Group. Classification of progressive myoclonus epilepsies and related disorders. Ann Neurol, 28:113-116, 1990.
41. Melanson M.; Nalbantoglu J.; Berkovic S.; et al. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy in young adults with neuropathologic features of Alzheimer´s disease. Neurology, 49:1732-1733, 1997.
2. Kokmen E.; Beard C.M.; Offord K.P. and Kurland L.T. Prevalence of medically diagnosed dementia in a defined US population: Rochester, Minnesota. Neurology, 39:773-776, 1989.
3. Corey-Bloom J. The diagnosis and evaluation of dementia. In Dementia Update. American Academy of Neurology — 48th Annual Meeting — San Francisco 441:1-19,1996.
4. Mayeux R.; Foster N.L.; Rossor M.; Whitehouse P.J. The clinical evaluation of patients with dementia. In: Dementia. Whitehouse PJ, ed. Contemporary neurology series. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis, 4:92-129, 1993.
5. Becker J.T.; Boller F.; Lopez O.L.; Saxton J.; McGonigle K.L. The natural history of Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Neurol, 51:585-594, 1994.
6. Erkinjuntti T.; Haltiam, Palo J.; et al. Accuracity of the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia: a prospective clinical and post-mortem neuropatological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51:1037-1044, 1988.
7. Folstein M.F.; Folstein S.E.; McHugh P.R. “Mini- Mental State“: a practical method of granding the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatric Res, 12:189-198, 1975.
8. Blessed G.; Tomlinson B.E. and Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and ofsenile change in the grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry, 114:797-811, 1968.
9. Brucki, S.M.D. Avaliação do desempenho no Mini-Exame do Estado Mental em pacientes de um hospital geral. São Paulo, 1993, Tese de Mestrado, Escola Paulista de Medicina.
10. Almkivist O. Neuropsychological features of early Alzheimer Disease preclinical and clinical stages. Acta Neurol Scand, 165(suppl.):63-71, 1996.
11. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). Washington: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
12. Damasio A.R.; Tranel D.; Damasio H. Amnesia caused by herpes simplex encephalitis, infarctions in basal forebrain, Alzheimer’s disease and anoxia/ischemia. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Vol. 3. C F. Boller e J. Grafman (eds.). Elsevier Science publisers B.V. Amsterdam, 6:149-166, 1991. 13. Eslinger P.J.; Damasio A.R. Preserved motor learning in Alzheimer’s disease: implications for anatomy and behavior. J Neurosci, 6:3006-3009, 1986. 14. Heindel WC, Salmon DP; Schults C.W.; et al. Neuropsychological evidence for multiple implicity memory systems: a comparison of Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, an Parkinson’s disease patients. J Neurosci, 9:582-587, 1989.
15. Shimamura A.P.; Salmon D.P.; Squire L.R.; Butters N. Memory dysfunction and word priming in dementia and amnesia. Behav Neurosci, 101:347-351, 1987.
16. Salmon D P. Shimamura Ap, Butters N. Lexical and semantic deficits in patients with A.D. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 10:477494, 1988.
17. Bondi M.W.; Kasniak A.W. Implicit and explicit memory in AD and PD. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 13:339-358, 1991.
18. Heindel W.C.; Butters N.; Salmon D.P. Impaired learning of a motor skill in patients with Huntington’s disease. Behav Neurosci, 102:141-147, 1988. 19. Rosen W.G. Verbal fluency in aging and dementia. J Clin Neuropsychol, 2:135-140, 1980.
20. Huff F.J. Language in normal aging and age — related neurological diseases. In: Handbook of neuropsychology, vol. 4 C. F. Boller e J. Grafman (eds.). Elsevier Science publisers B.V. Amsterdam, 12:251-264, 1990.
21. Kertesz A.; Mohs C. Cognition. In: Clinical diagnoses and management of Alzheimer’s disease. S. Gautier (ed.). Martin Dunitz. London, 10:155-174, 1996.
22. Cronin-Golomb A., Corkin S., Rosen T.J. Neuropsychological assessment of dementia In: Dementia. Whitehouse PJ, ed. Contemporary neurology series. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 5:130-164, 1993.
23. Lines C.R.; Dawson C.; Preston G.C.; et al. Memory and attention in patients with senile dementia of AD type and in normal elderly subjects. J Clin Neuropsychol, 13:691-702, 1991.
24. Mackeith I.G.; Galasko D.; Kosaka K.; et al. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the consortium on DLB international workshop. Neurology, 47:1113-1124, 1996.
25. Mackeith I.G.; Fairbairn A.F.; Bothwell R.A.; et al. An evaluation of the predictive validity and inter-rater reliability of clinical diagnostic criteria for senile dementia of Lewy body type. Neurology, 44:872-877, 1994.
26. Geldmacher D.S.; Whitehouse Jr. P.J. Diferential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 48(suppl.): S2-S9, 1997.
27. Neary D.; Snowden J.S.; Northen B.; Goulding P. Dementia of frontal lobe type. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51: 353361, 1988.
28. Lund and Manchester groups. Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatriy, 57: 416-418, 1994.
29. Geldmacher D.S.; Whitehouse Jr. P.J. Evaluation of dementia. New Eng J of Medicine, 335: 330-336, 1996.
30. Brandt J. Cognitive impairments in Huntington’s disease: insights into the neuropsychology of the striatum. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Vol. 5. C. F. Boller e J. Grafman (eds.). Elsevier Science publisers B.V. Amsterdam. 1991. 11: 241-264.
31. Mayeux R.; Chen J.; Mirabello E.; et al. An estimate of the incidence of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology, 40:1513-1516, 1990.
32. Dubois B.; Boller F.; Pillon B. et al. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease. In: Handbook of Neuropsychology, Vol 5. Boller F. e Grafman (eds.) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam, 10:195-240, 1991.
33. El Awar M.; Becker J.T.; Hammond K.M.; et al. Learning deficits in Parkinson’s disease: comparative with Alzheimer’s disease and normal aging. Arch Neurol, 44:180-184, 1987.
34. Taylor A.E.; Saint-Cyr J.A.; Lang A.E. Frontal lobe dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 109:845-883, 1986. 35. Critchley EMR. Speech disorders of parkinsonism: a review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 44:751-758, 1981.
36. Maher E.R.; Lees A.J. The clinical features and natural history of the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. Neurology, 36:1005-1008, 1986.
37. Civil R.H.; Whitehouse P.J.; Lanska D.J.; et al. Degenerative dementias. In: Dementia. Whitehouse PJ, ed. Contemporary neurology series. Philadelphia: FA Davis, 6:167-214, 1993.
38. Morita K.; Halya H.; Ikeda T.; Namba M. Presenile dementia combined with amyotrophy: A review of 34 Japanese cases. Arc Gerontol Geriatrics, 6:263-277, 1987.
39. Montgomery G.K.; Erickison L.M. Neuropsychological perspectives in amyotrofic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Clin, 5:6181, 1987.
40. Marseille Consensus Group. Classification of progressive myoclonus epilepsies and related disorders. Ann Neurol, 28:113-116, 1990.
41. Melanson M.; Nalbantoglu J.; Berkovic S.; et al. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy in young adults with neuropathologic features of Alzheimer´s disease. Neurology, 49:1732-1733, 1997.
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1998-09-30
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Okamoto, I. H., & Bertolucci, P. H. F. (1998). Exame Neuropsicológico no Diagnóstico Diferencial das Demências Primárias. Revista Neurociências, 6(3), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.1998.v6.10325
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Recebido: 2020-02-18
Publicado: 1998-09-30
Publicado: 1998-09-30
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