Esclerose Múltipla
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https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.1998.v6.10324Palavras-chave:
Esclerose múltipla, desmielinizaçãoResumo
Esclerose múltipla é uma doença crônica que afeta o sistema nervoso, causando destruição da mielina, proteína fundamental na transmissão do impulso nervoso. Embora as características clínicas sejam bem conhecidas, os aspectos etiológicos continuam alvo de exaustivos estudos. Com o aprofundamento dos conhecimentos imunopatológicos, têm-se ampliado as perspectivas terapêuticas.
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Referências
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2. Tachibana, N.; Howard, R.S.; Hirsch, N.P.; Miller, D.H.; Moseley, I.F.; Fish, D. Sleep problems in multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol, 34:320-323, 1994.
3. Kurtzke, J.F.; Beebe, G.W.; Nagler, B.; Auth, T.L.; Kurland, L.T.; Nefzger, M.D. Studies on natural history of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scandinav, 44:467-494, 1968.
4. Poser, C. The epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: a general overview. Ann Neurol, 36:S180-S193, 1994.
5. Hartung, H.-P.; Michels, M.; Reiners, K.; Seeldrayers, P.; Archelos, J.J.; Toyka, K.V. Soluble ICAM-1 serum levels in multiple sclerosis and viral encephalitis. Neurology, 43:2331-2335, 1993.
6. Fazekas, F.; Offenbacher, H.; Fuchs, S.; Schmidt, R.; Niederkorn, K.; Horner, S.; Lechner, H. Criteria for an increased specificity of MRI interpretation in elderly subjects with suspected multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 38:1822-1825, 1988.
7. Kurtzke, J.F. Epidemiologic contributions to multiple sclerosis: an overview. Neurology, 30:61-79, 1980.
8. Medaer, R. Does the history of multiple sclerosis go back as faz as the 14 th century? Acta Neurol Scand, 60:189-192, 1979.
9. Haegert, D.G.; Swift, F.V.; Benedikz, J. Evidence for a complex role of HLA class II genotypes in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Iceland. Neurology, 46:1107-1111, 1996.
10. Shibasaki, H.; McDonald, W.I.; Kuroiwa, Y. Racial modification of clinical picture of multiple sclerosis: comparison between British and Japanese patients. J. Neurol SCI, 49:253-271, 1981.
11. Schumacher, G.A.; Beebe, G. Kibler, R.F.; Kurland, L.T.; Kurtzke, J.F.; McDowell, F.; Nagler, B.; Sibley, W.A.; Tourtellotte, W.W.; Willmon, T.L. Problems of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis: report by the panel on evaluation of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci, 122:552-568, 1965.
12. Poser, S. & Poser, W. Multiple sclerosis and gestation. Neurology, 33:1422-1427, 1983.
13. Weiner, H.L.; Hohol, M.J.; Khoury, S.J.; Dawson, D.M.; Hafler, D. A. Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Clin, 13-173-96, 1995.
14. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Neurology, 43:655-661, 1993.
15. Paty, D.W.; Oger, J.J.F.; Kastrukoff, L.F.; Hashimoto, S.A.; Hooge, J.P.; Eisen, A.A.; Eisen, K.A.; Purves, S.J.; Low, M.D.;
Brandejs, V.; Robertson, W.D.; Li, D.K.B. MRI in the diagnosis of MS: a prospective study with comparison of clinical evaluation, evoked potentials, oligoclonal banding and CT. Neurology, 38: 180-185, 1988.
16. Sarchielli, P.; Trequattrini, A.; Usai, F.; Muraresco, D.; Gallai, V. Role of viruses in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol (Napoli), 15:363-381, 1993.
17. Owens, T. & Sriram, S. The immunology of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurol Clinic, 13:51-74, 1995.
18. Sobel, R.A. The pathology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clinic, 13:1-22, 1995.
19. Esiri, M.M. Multiple (disseminated) sclerosis. In: Oppe nheimer’s Diagnostic Neuropathology. 2a ed. London, Blackwell Science, 1996. p.257-268. 20. Papais-Alvarenga, R.M.; Santos, C.M.M.; Abreu, J.S.; Siqueira, H.; Camargo S.M.G.G.; Almeida, A.M.V.; Oliveira, S.; Klajnberg, M. Esclerose múltipla: perfil clínico e evolutivo no município do Rio de Janeiro. Rev Bras Neurol, 31:75-87, 195.
21. Brück, W.; Porada, P.; Poser, S.; Rieckmann, P.; Hanefeld, F.; Kretzschmar, H.A.; Lassmann, H. Monocyte/macrophage differentiation in early multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol, 38:788-796, 1995.
22. Osborn, A.G. Aquired metabolic, white matter, and degenerative disease of the brain. In: Diagnostic neuroradiology. St. Louis, Mosby, 1994. p.748-784.
23. Rolak, L.A. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clinic, 14:27-42, 1996.
24. Johnson, K.P.; Brooks, B.R.; Cohen, J.A.; Ford, C.C.; Goldstein, J.; Lisak, R.P.; Myers, L.W.;Panitch, H.S.; Rose, J.W.; Schiffer, R.B.; Vollmer, T.; Weiner, L.P.; Wolinsky, J.S. Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintain its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolimer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology, 50:701-708, 1998.
25. Poser, C. Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and treatment. Med Principles Pract 93:1-16, 1992.
26. Lublin, F.D. & Reingold, S.C. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. Neurology 46:907-911, 1996.
27. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group & University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology, 45:1277-1285, 1995.
2. Tachibana, N.; Howard, R.S.; Hirsch, N.P.; Miller, D.H.; Moseley, I.F.; Fish, D. Sleep problems in multiple sclerosis. Eur Neurol, 34:320-323, 1994.
3. Kurtzke, J.F.; Beebe, G.W.; Nagler, B.; Auth, T.L.; Kurland, L.T.; Nefzger, M.D. Studies on natural history of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scandinav, 44:467-494, 1968.
4. Poser, C. The epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: a general overview. Ann Neurol, 36:S180-S193, 1994.
5. Hartung, H.-P.; Michels, M.; Reiners, K.; Seeldrayers, P.; Archelos, J.J.; Toyka, K.V. Soluble ICAM-1 serum levels in multiple sclerosis and viral encephalitis. Neurology, 43:2331-2335, 1993.
6. Fazekas, F.; Offenbacher, H.; Fuchs, S.; Schmidt, R.; Niederkorn, K.; Horner, S.; Lechner, H. Criteria for an increased specificity of MRI interpretation in elderly subjects with suspected multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 38:1822-1825, 1988.
7. Kurtzke, J.F. Epidemiologic contributions to multiple sclerosis: an overview. Neurology, 30:61-79, 1980.
8. Medaer, R. Does the history of multiple sclerosis go back as faz as the 14 th century? Acta Neurol Scand, 60:189-192, 1979.
9. Haegert, D.G.; Swift, F.V.; Benedikz, J. Evidence for a complex role of HLA class II genotypes in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis in Iceland. Neurology, 46:1107-1111, 1996.
10. Shibasaki, H.; McDonald, W.I.; Kuroiwa, Y. Racial modification of clinical picture of multiple sclerosis: comparison between British and Japanese patients. J. Neurol SCI, 49:253-271, 1981.
11. Schumacher, G.A.; Beebe, G. Kibler, R.F.; Kurland, L.T.; Kurtzke, J.F.; McDowell, F.; Nagler, B.; Sibley, W.A.; Tourtellotte, W.W.; Willmon, T.L. Problems of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis: report by the panel on evaluation of experimental trials of therapy in multiple sclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci, 122:552-568, 1965.
12. Poser, S. & Poser, W. Multiple sclerosis and gestation. Neurology, 33:1422-1427, 1983.
13. Weiner, H.L.; Hohol, M.J.; Khoury, S.J.; Dawson, D.M.; Hafler, D. A. Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Clin, 13-173-96, 1995.
14. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Interferon beta-1b is effective in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: clinical results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Neurology, 43:655-661, 1993.
15. Paty, D.W.; Oger, J.J.F.; Kastrukoff, L.F.; Hashimoto, S.A.; Hooge, J.P.; Eisen, A.A.; Eisen, K.A.; Purves, S.J.; Low, M.D.;
Brandejs, V.; Robertson, W.D.; Li, D.K.B. MRI in the diagnosis of MS: a prospective study with comparison of clinical evaluation, evoked potentials, oligoclonal banding and CT. Neurology, 38: 180-185, 1988.
16. Sarchielli, P.; Trequattrini, A.; Usai, F.; Muraresco, D.; Gallai, V. Role of viruses in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol (Napoli), 15:363-381, 1993.
17. Owens, T. & Sriram, S. The immunology of multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurol Clinic, 13:51-74, 1995.
18. Sobel, R.A. The pathology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clinic, 13:1-22, 1995.
19. Esiri, M.M. Multiple (disseminated) sclerosis. In: Oppe nheimer’s Diagnostic Neuropathology. 2a ed. London, Blackwell Science, 1996. p.257-268. 20. Papais-Alvarenga, R.M.; Santos, C.M.M.; Abreu, J.S.; Siqueira, H.; Camargo S.M.G.G.; Almeida, A.M.V.; Oliveira, S.; Klajnberg, M. Esclerose múltipla: perfil clínico e evolutivo no município do Rio de Janeiro. Rev Bras Neurol, 31:75-87, 195.
21. Brück, W.; Porada, P.; Poser, S.; Rieckmann, P.; Hanefeld, F.; Kretzschmar, H.A.; Lassmann, H. Monocyte/macrophage differentiation in early multiple sclerosis lesions. Ann Neurol, 38:788-796, 1995.
22. Osborn, A.G. Aquired metabolic, white matter, and degenerative disease of the brain. In: Diagnostic neuroradiology. St. Louis, Mosby, 1994. p.748-784.
23. Rolak, L.A. The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurol Clinic, 14:27-42, 1996.
24. Johnson, K.P.; Brooks, B.R.; Cohen, J.A.; Ford, C.C.; Goldstein, J.; Lisak, R.P.; Myers, L.W.;Panitch, H.S.; Rose, J.W.; Schiffer, R.B.; Vollmer, T.; Weiner, L.P.; Wolinsky, J.S. Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintain its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolimer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology, 50:701-708, 1998.
25. Poser, C. Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and treatment. Med Principles Pract 93:1-16, 1992.
26. Lublin, F.D. & Reingold, S.C. Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: results of an international survey. Neurology 46:907-911, 1996.
27. The IFNB Multiple Sclerosis Study Group & University of British Columbia MS/MRI Analysis Group. Interferon beta-1b in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: final outcome of the randomized controlled trial. Neurology, 45:1277-1285, 1995.
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Publicado
1998-09-30
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Oliveira, E. M. L. de, & Souza, N. A. de. (1998). Esclerose Múltipla. Revista Neurociências, 6(3), 114–118. https://doi.org/10.34024/rnc.1998.v6.10324
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Recebido: 2020-02-18
Publicado: 1998-09-30
Publicado: 1998-09-30
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